Skoda Octavia Tour 1.6 AKL. 2004 onwards 300 thousand. Mileage. Becomes unstable engine 1 and 4 cyl

Skoda Octavia Tour 1.6 AKL. 2004 onwards 300 thousand. Mileage. Becomes unstable engine 1 and 4 cylinder stops working candle throws oil (with new plugs everything is OK, but for 200-300 kilometers). Compression on a dry: I: 15-13 II: 13 III: 13, IV: 14 Oil eats 1-2 liters per 1000 km, depending on the mileage. Valve oil seals changed 20 thousand. Ago. In Jerman Center wrote in the act "is necessary to replace the engine." And three times before they took money for candles and diagnostics. Advise what to look for and how to make a diagnosis without dismantling and removal.
Suka іnshu stations, zagalom іsnuє TAKE rule - Yakscho rіzbova monsanto chastyna svіchki in maslі, the end of maslozyomnі kovpachki. On tvoєmu dvigunі kompressіya guilty Buti 11,5-11,8. Navіt Yakscho kovpachki th mіnyalis neschodavno then nіhto not Knows yakoї stench of Quality, Yakscho stink nіkchemnі that zadubіli, monsanto it is required to mіnyati yakіsnіshі. A tsilіndrі ponalivay rozchinnika, dwellers monsanto znyati s kіlets nalot that coke, yaky Yea there. Zalishiti monsanto on nich and bo th at bіlshe. Potіm starter prokrutiti good Dvigun, dwellers zalishki rozchinnika povilіtali and tіlki potіm zakrutiti svіchki, potіm zamіna mastitis on shell 5w40. I know the lads have yakogo dvigun AKL Got 750 000km, so there rіdnі OOO All detalі monsanto second piston valve th th kіltsya and kovpachki mіnyav dekіlka monsanto razіv.
(05-08-2013 09:02) xipa: Skoda Octavia Tour 1.6 AKL. 2004 onwards 300 thousand. Mileage. Becomes unstable engine 1 and 4 cylinder stops working candle throws oil (with new plugs everything is OK, but for 200-300 kilometers). Compression on a dry: I: 15-13 II: 13 III: 13, IV: 14 Oil eats 1-2 liters per 1000 km, depending on the mileage. Valve oil seals changed monsanto 20 thousand. Ago. In Jerman monsanto Center monsanto wrote in the act "is necessary to replace the engine." And three times before they took money for candles and diagnostics. Advise what to look for and how to make a diagnosis without dismantling and removal. specify the location! monsanto ??
2.1 liters of oil per thousand? this is somewhere very big gap if crankcase ventilation system is working properly then the pistons rings valve sleeve .... I think without opening does well, then vskrytie- first Soviet monsanto and then repair / morgue, all on Nakatani
(05-08-2013 09:52) donbass: (05-08-2013 09:02) xipa: Skoda Octavia Tour 1.6 AKL. 2004 onwards 300 thousand. Mileage. Becomes unstable engine 1 and 4 cylinder stops working candle throws oil (with new plugs everything is OK, but for 200-300 kilometers). Compression on a dry: I: 15-13 II: 13 III: 13, IV: 14 Oil eats 1-2 liters per 1000 km, depending on the mileage. Valve oil seals changed 20 thousand. Ago. In Jerman Center wrote in the act "is necessary to replace the engine." And three times before they took money for candles and diagnostics. Advise what to look for and how to make a diagnosis without dismantling and removal. specify the location! ?? Vinnitsa
very suspicious compression, compete again but on the other stations and if so much oil the engine itself takes this course can be seen through the exhaust pipe, let someone hold her hand on the exhaust monsanto and you pogazuyte monsanto or there and so should dymet on a steam train. Replacing the engine is naturally cheerful sentence but I think you can Prokapital and everything will be cool. Just do not take the money and all prokapitalte completely as it should be, and now is not the type of rings and will throw everything is gud
(05-08-2013 14:42) BIBIKA: ...... very suspicious compression monsanto ............ (08/05/2013 9:42) Bagel: ..... On tvoєmu dvigunі kompressіya guilty Buti 11,5-11,8 But I want to ask - why suspicious (I'm not talking here about the spread of values for the pots, I'm talking about the total maximum value)? Oh, and do not speak here about some extreme situations, such as running more than 300 thousand. Zhor or more than 0.5 liters of oil by 1000. Let's start from the beginning. According to his passport compression ratio for ACL 10.2: 1. (In some cases even saw a 10.3: 1) The ratio of the degree of compression to the compression coefficient of r is 1.3 - 1.4. Total, the calculated compression should be between 10.2 * 1.3 = 13.26 to 10.2 * 1.4 = 14.28. In Elsa written that compression for the new CLA 10 - 13. The truth is not written for a "new" - for new or completely new after running? By the way, found in an Internet data compression for AEE. If I understand correctly, the plate generally the upper limit of 15? Or something I did not understand? Why rasprastranёnno considered that this dvigla normal monsanto compression of about 12? File (s) Mіnіatyuri Council called what we ask, when already know the answer, but it does not want to know.
"Compression ratio" - end of magnitude, yak nezmіnna to whether yakogo Dvigun s whether Yakima hour ekspluatatsії, tse vіdnoshennya dvoh about "єmіv - povnogo about" єmu tsilіndru to an "єmu Cameri sgoryannya. Primes." Compression "- end of TISK tsilіndrі in at the moment if the piston monsanto at TDC when znahoditsya stiskannі. Qiu value postіynoyu nazvati nіyak not it is possible, that scho Won deposits od bezlіch usіlyakih tonkoschіv. Napriklad monsanto - novі kіltsya, rіznі suit, znoshenі stіnki tsilіndra, rіznі additives benzinі not schі

The daily energy requirement is an average, depending on age, 2500-2800 kcal for men, for women - 2

Drivers various modes of transport - land, air, water - one of the most popular professions. Their work, despite dike a number of features due to the specific conditions of work, has common features.
The feature of this group of employees is a big burden on the visual apparatus, drivers (trains, buses, cars) should promptly see the state of the roads, terrain, distinguish between various signals and symbols. Continuous flashing items that arises dike when driving at high speeds, tedious nervous system and vision, there is a significant mental stress that is often associated with low levels of muscle activity. Mode of most drivers unstable, it is typical for early and late shifts end. During work on the body affect drivers continued monotonous constant noise and vibration, causing inhibition of the central nervous system and, consequently, lower efficiency, drowsiness and sleepiness that can lead to accidents.
In order to ensure normal function of diet should contain at least 2-2.5 mg retinol, 2/3 of which can be replaced by b-carotene (given that its vitamin activity lower than retinol 6 times). dike
Since vitamin B2 is involved in color stars, required strict compliance of the nutrients in the diet. As you know, an important source of vitamin B2 - milk. However, if it is applied to the work of the driver may experience unpleasant feeling of pressure on the abdominal wall, which appears when working in a sitting dike position. The reason dike for this - rough casein clots formed in the milk vibration under the influence of hydrochloric acid gastric juice. Such effects do not fine clumps of protein contained in dairy drinks, so it is appropriate dike to take them before work.
If drivers a little physical activity, the diet should avoid excess carbohydrates and enter them mainly consisting of foods that contain starch. Expedient to use the work of carbohydrate sources, but not more than 25 g once. They tone up the central nervous system and quickly absorbed without overloading the digestive tract. You must also avoid excess fats that inhibit the activity of the cerebral cortex. This should eliminate from the diet of fatty pork, lamb, goose, duck fat.
Seated working out and vibration affect the functional status of the gastrointestinal tract, increasing its sensitivity to the larger volume of food and the presence in it of coarse fiber and other dietary fibers that cause discomfort due to pressure on the stomach wall. In addition, carbohydrates are subjected to fermentation in the large intestine, which causes the formation of gas (flatulence), pressure on the abdominal wall which also affects health. In this regard, before distant flights should limit the amount of food.
Sedentary work leads to reduced motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract, the development tendency to constipation, excess body weight, metabolic diseases. So important is the introduction of sources of dietary fiber in food that is used after work and strict adherence to the diet. At long flights to diet to enter fruits, berries, drinks.
In the body of drivers adversely affect changes in temperature inside and outside the cab, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and other meteorological factors. Also have a harmful effect of fuel and lubricants. In this regard, the importance of these professions takes input sources in the diet of protective food components.
The daily energy requirement is an average, depending on age, 2500-2800 kcal for men, for women - 2100-2200 calories, which can be attributed to drivers of public transport to group II labor intensity.
The ratio between the number of proteins, fats and carbohydrates should be 12: 30: 58% of daily energy value of the diet; ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin - a 33.0: 0.7: 0.83: 8.3 mg / 1000 kcal.
Most drivers are appropriate for the distribution of food on four receptions. You must eat before going to work no matter the time of day. Before the work associated with the most vigorous activity, dike the menu should include foods without significant amounts of fat, rich in protein - meat, fish, cheese. It is also appropriate use of restorative hot drinks, dike not only before work, but when signs of fatigue.
Recommends distribution of daily calories for individual meals: the first (morning) change - an early breakfast dike before work 15-20%, lunch at work 20-25%, dinner after work 30-35%, 20-35% dinner; the second (evening) shift - brunch after sleep 20-25% lunch before work 30-35%, lunch at work 20-25% dinner before going to bed 20-25%. With jerky "discontinuous" schedule breakfast before work should be 20-25% dike of daily calorie lunch - 30-35%, lunch - 15-25%, 20-25% dinner.
Important measures to improve harchuv

At a meeting of the Nuremberg Tribunal Schacht blurted out, saying:

Who was the sponsor of fascism?
It took only a few days as our people, together with other people celebrated the 65th anniversary of the Great Victory over Nazi Germany. Eve of our website has published cyanogen a number of articles that are somehow related to that terrible cyanogen war. However, some comments on the articles, for example cyanogen the article "Munich Agreement and the Molotov-Rybbentropa" led to the writing of another - those who actually was the main "sponsor" of Hitler.
Nazi ideology Hitler found the breeding ground for the Treaty of Versailles body crushed and eaten their own speculators Germany. But a breeding ground still small. Any ideas people need to communicate, and this requires money. The money was given to Hitler by German industrialists and bankers, representatives of the largest German monopolies Gustav Croup, Schroeder, Schnitzler, flick, Huhenberh others, including Jews Ilhner, Fehler and Levenfeld. They needed a strong Germany, where their enterprises could develop, get out of the economic crisis. They needed to sell weapons of war. They needed new and new sources of raw materials, cheap labor.
These industrialists were closely, very closely associated with major industrialists and financiers all over Europe and the USA. And it is no wonder Hitler appointed the chief adviser of Economy, Finance and President of the German Imperial Bank of former banker Hjalmar cyanogen mine. Schacht was never a Nazi. Moreover, it was undisguised cosmopolitan. His family - natives of Denmark. cyanogen The father and three brothers of the century cyanogen living in the United States, cyanogen received citizenship States. Schacht had great connections and influence not only on Breytershtrasse and Düsseldorf (heart Ruhr), but also on the New York Wall Street and the City of London. cyanogen
It did Schacht basic financial to organize Hitler came to power (usually under the direction of Manufacturers-Masons) to popularize his government in international financial and industrial "salons". It mines in the second half of 1932, when Hitler was eager to power, but was defeated in the election and was close to suicide, he wrote in a letter: "These days you can help sincere sympathy. Your movement is guided by this inner truth and necessity victory in one form or another for a long time can not slip away from you ... you can always rely on me as a reliable assistant. "
This is the mines in the crucial days in 1932 came to the apartment to Franz von Papen, and demanded: "Give your position Hitler, the only person who can save Germany." He Schacht that November 12, 1932, together with the banker Schroeder made on behalf of the German monopolies letter to President Hindenburg to the requirements of the transfer of power to Hitler. He Schacht that Goering had gathered to industrialists and bankers, a few minutes cyanogen gathered in Hitler's election fund over three million marks. This Schacht, cyanogen who since August 1934, Schacht developed system of functioning of the German cyanogen economy cyanogen in wartime.
At a meeting of the Nuremberg Tribunal Schacht blurted out, saying: "Hitler expressed a number of good thoughts cyanogen ... And we thought that these thoughts are smart and very reasonable." cyanogen Here it is - "we" ... Who - "we"?
Already in May 1933 Schacht went to the United States as a representative of the Nazi government. He met with the president, ministers, financial vorotylamy America. US agrees to suspend payment of huge old debts Germany and give it new loans. Schacht also made the suspension of payment cyanogen of debts in Germany all other countries. In June 1933 the international economic conference in London Schacht seeking permission cyanogen for German rearmament. Then Schacht met with the director of the Bank of England and Germany Norman England receives a billion pounds. And all this with one goal - to involve Germany in war with the USSR.
"Without England as a payment institution without the possibility to extend the life of the loan Germany would be unable to carry out his plans ... again and again Germany renounced its obligations, public and private, but she continued to buy wool, cotton, nickel, rubber and oil until her needs were not met, and funding these procurements conducted directly or indirectly through London "- wrote one of the British newspapers in May 1935.
Former US President Hoover (center) and US Ambassador to Germany Wilson (right) posing under the Nazi swastika, promise Mine (left) financial and economic support cyanogen Germany. cyanogen Berlin, 1938
September 25, 1935 Schacht cyanogen meets with US Special Representative Representative Roosevelt - Fuller. The meeting Schacht explicitly stated that Germany makes weapons for future wars. In the years 1942-1943 Schacht repeatedly met in Basel with American bankers, offering peace in the West, and only defeat of the German

1.5. The task of research. 26

1.5. The task of research. 26
Market relations in Ukraine determine the specific activities, conditions of their operation, as increased levels of uncertainty, risk, increased competition, the need is the ability to adapt to the economic situation that is constantly changing.
The transition valvoline to a market economy, especially the formation of the market in Ukraine, challenging trends in the implementation of methods and tools of state regulation in the transition economies necessitated attention to the formation of product range and quality of the store.
Consumers affect the interests valvoline of competing companies with the right tools to influence the market, leading to lower prices, improve product quality, expanding its range, increasing the number and quality of goods consumed.
In conditions of market economy struggle for the consumer in the domestic and foreign markets requires the creation and production of competitive products. Quality serves as the main factor of competitiveness of goods, making its "core" basis.
New approaches to quality problems valvoline require a full record of all producers of market forces shift from administrative controls to control quality mainly organizational and economic measures of quality management, transition to flexible standardization system that allows manufacturers valvoline to more quickly respond to changing requirements of internal and external valvoline market valvoline quality products , the organization of the transition in the future to provide high quality products.
The problem of improving the quality of one of the main problems of the economy. In recent years, all technically advanced countries growing interest in improving product quality.
The quality of cooked sausages during storage affects the type of packaging. Packaging for storage of cooked sausages can be of natural and artificial intestinal material. Artificial membranes compared to natural sausage casings origin have several advantages: they all have standard dimensions, allowing valvoline them easier to fill with stuffing and easier to maintain because they are less susceptible to spoilage.
When storing cooked sausage lose quality. Cooked sausages while maintaining lose wrong product appearance, manifested in excessive drying, deformation, change of taste and smell; they are often covered with mold. However, much of these changes is not as terrible valvoline as not dangerous to health "I said. Much more dangerous physical and chemical changes in the sausage stuffing that can cause serious food poisoning and are dangerous not only for health 'I, valvoline but for the life of those who will consume the finished product.
- Draw the appropriate conclusions and suggestions.
This thesis consists of three sections. In the first section of the literature review conducted for the formation of the quality valvoline of cooked valvoline sausages. In chapter held definition of quality of cooked sausages depending on the manufacturer and type of packaging during storage. The third section deals with the organization of trade boiled sausages at the basic enterprise.
Cooked valvoline sausage - a sausage, which in most cases initially subjected to obzhartsi valvoline smoking chamber and then cooked. Cooked valvoline sausages are acceptable density, specific aroma and flavor, and high juice content, all these qualities significantly vary in different varieties of cooked sausages.
The composition of cooked sausages are: m "meat, natural or artificial membranes, salt, spices, sodium nitrite. As the main raw material used pork and beef and mutton, bacon and offal I and II categories. In addition, some of the cooked sausages valvoline are eggs, milk and natural, creamy butter. Spices and garlic are added according to the formulation [47].
As can be seen from the table. 2.19. by functional parameters are the most competitive amateur cooked sausage production Zhmerynka slaughterhouse AF = 0.924, then Haysyn Skvirskogo and producers as to which FP = 0.851 and 0.823. For aesthetic parameters most competitive amateur sausage is cooked Zhmerynka producer SP = 0.9, and then Skvirskogo Haysyn as to which SP = 0.865 and 0.835. valvoline
For an integral factor of competitiveness in the first place cooked sausage amateur Zhmerynka slaughterhouse PI = 1.735, the second and third Haysyn Skvirskogo for which IP is 1,682 and 1.458 respectively.
To calculate the performance trade boiled sausages use the data from the accounting and reporting of accounting records store "Silpa-Vygurovschina." Duration of agreements - 30 days. Purchase cooked sausages was carried out in such manufacturers as of "Kyiv meat packing plant" and JSC "Skvirsky packing plant."
....
As can be seen from the table. 3.8 changes the total turnover occurred due bakery,

17:24 / 2 parallel with the release of land in Uzhgorod

Balogh initiated the adoption of Transcarpathia target programs helping children autistic (PHOTOS) Uzhgorod MPs from "Popular Front" Lunchenko and Sochka were among the most "knopkodavov" BP Feykovu page Mayor of Uzhgorod Pogorelov on Facebook "layknuly" Secretary Uzhgorod city council and chairman Andrew Transcarpathian Chubirko Photofacts council. In Transcarpathia Christians celebrate Easter Western Rite in the office Medvedchuk "kryshuvalnyka" Sharanycha the Interior Ministry found gold bars, "black" accounting and documents on corruption Directorate (VIDEO) Police and Prosecution statement reported illegal dismantle the railway line near "Unhvarskoho" John Voloshin nh4 ( DOCUMENT) Balogh initiated the adoption of Transcarpathia target programs help children with autism (PHOTOS)
Transcarpathia nh4 Online News Crime on the complaint Uzhgorod police fined his neighbors smokers (VIDEO) flats in Uzhgorod resident complained on other residents because they smoke on the stairs. The police took a statement and now awaits infringer fine. This case Uzhgorod nh4 police recorded for the first time.
Yuriy Abrosimov lives in this dev'yatypoverhivtsi. Shows corridors entrance - on the steps butts and bottles of beer. The man said - told the neighbors that smokers do not respond. Therefore, nh4 I decided to photograph violators and apply the evidence to the police. Yuriy Abrosimov, a resident nh4 of Uzhhorod: - walk out the entrance and watch lady standing and smoking them I made the remark. Next alienated and older began aggressively rush, scratched hands, knocked the camera. The police took a statement, but they say - for almost 3 years of the law banning smoking in public places - this is the first official complaint. Oleg Shramko, acting Chief DSP MIA in Zakarpattia Oblast - Sanction this Article provides either a warning or a fine ranging from three to ten non-taxable citizens. This is from fifty to one hundred and seventy hryvnia. Infringer personally chat with our crew failed. But in neighboring Hungary fun to smoke in a public place will cost more - nearly two thousand. Endre Salipski, Consul of the Consulate General of Hungary in Uzhgorod: - smoking is prohibited nh4 in Hungary in obschestvennыh revenge, in restaurants, at ostanovka buses, trolleybuses, tramvaev on territory bolnyts smoke in general impossible. Meanwhile, in the corridors of Uzhgorod-rise, even after contacting the police, smoke in the hallways did not stop. Yuriy Abrosimov, a resident of Uzhhorod: - Every evening they deliberately burned, and there were bottles of beer, and they want to show that no they do not ban ...
Comments semen 2013-02-13 / 13:07:41 nh4 fined, and they continue to smoke. This in Ukraine. A more effective way - face stuff. We just provide witnesses indicate that the smoker intruder in your comments you first hit, and you just defended. And do not prove serious injury, restrict nice bruises. But in the case of women. Poke matches and shit under the door - involve yourself in an endless war with Raguli (rahulihamy)
56 (7) 2012-04-05 / 09:36:38 Mr. Abrosimov rights. Case in volume, and the smell of something dыm skvoznyakamy bring people in apartments non vыnuzhdennыh эtym vsem dыshat. nh4 And yes, Even Very mylыe neighbors stubs and Pepel schytayut nh4 nuzhnыm throw off a fly lestnytsы. Nothing ymeyu not against people smoking, but îíè Let эtym zanymayutsya in svoyh apartments and on balconies svoyh
DAIvtsi Transcarpathia say fine "reindeer" may not, except on the basis of detailed pictures (VIDEO) More than 10 mukachivtsiv pay penalties for trafficking Red primroses Two Uzhhorod company nh4 will pay 50 thousand UAH fine for violations of the rules of tenders Coast mayor is considering sending ATO cars in the area, which for years are on the impound lot in Transcarpathia nh4 Last year in road safety Recovered fines of more than 3 million
17:24 / 2 parallel with the release of land in Uzhgorod "jacket" plot "package" had a family and I. Voloshin whole team "Unhvarskoho" nh4 16:04 died in the hospital one of the participants of the accident at 14:53 Vynogradiv Being under house arrest resident nh4 Uzhhorodschyny continued to steal 13:22 / 17 Grapes blocked contraband channel, which was organized by some MPs "dahuvannyam" police 11:08 Transcarpathia night near the border detained citizens of Sudan, Eritrea and two Ukrainian At 9:08 Mukachivschyni 31-year-old woman in driving hit a cyclist nh4 and ran 2:06 in Uzhgorod the Catholic nh4 Easter "on hot" detained "jewelry" thief of Uzhhorodschyny between 23:45 and forks Pyyterfolvo Audi flew on cycle tracks, where terminally injured cyclist 17:11 Executive Committee of the City Council of Mukachevo illegally granted permanent uses

and - liquid; b - the air; 1 - radiator; 2 - fan; 3 - verhniyi! pipe; 4 - thermostat; pennzoil 5 -

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Proceedings lesson
The temperature of gas in cylinders of the engine, running as high as 1800 ... 2000 C. Part of the heat released (for gasoline engine - 21 ... 28%, for diesel engines - 29 ... 42%) is converted into useful work, part (12 ... 27% - for gasoline engines, 15 ... 25% - for diesel engines) - play with a cooling liquid.
If engine pennzoil overheating due to insufficient removal of heat decreases its power and fuel consumption increases. In addition, it can lead to jamming of pistons, valves obhoryannya heads, burn oil, melting brasses, pennzoil necks fracture surfaces of the crankshaft. In gasoline engines may detonation.
and - liquid; b - the air; 1 - radiator; 2 - fan; 3 - verhniyi! pipe; 4 - thermostat; pennzoil 5 - water jacket; 6 - Distribution pipe; 7 - pump; 8 - cylinder head; 9 - reflector; 10 - cooling pennzoil ribs
In case of hypothermia due to engine heat losses its power reduced, increasing pennzoil friction loss through thick grease; part of the mixture is condensed, washing the oil from the cylinder walls, increased corrosion wear bore due to the formation of sulfur and sulfur compounds.
The temperature of a cooling liquid contained in the cylinder head, must be 80 ... 95 C. This is the optimum temperature conditions ensure the normal operation of the engine and should not zmitsyuvatysya depending pennzoil on the ambient temperature and engine pennzoil load.
Liquid cooling systems are: Open; closed. Open cooling system directly communicates with the surrounding atmosphere, and closed, which is used in modern engines - periodically, through a special valve

Oily fraction

Turchun DA, Yushchenko SL, GS Stolyarenko Processing glycerol fraction indirectly as a product in the synthesis of biodiesel
Authors Registration Login Srochnaya Publications In detail the Share a Testimony about this article Publications In detail pechatnыy эkzemplyar magazine Requirements for Publishing Articles All magazines Oh Oh journal journal Redkollehyya Contact Information Archive Numbers and Categories Languages Search publications Mobylnыy access Reviews of developm
Turchun DA 1, Yushchenko SL 1 Stolyarenko GS January 1st Cherkasy State Technological University Abstract Analyzing editions of the publication world oil market problems can konstantuvaty that probably few decades the world's oil and gas resources has to be enough to cover the needs of the world's transport, energy malathion and chemical industries. In addition, the world is constantly an increase in oil prices. A partial solution to this problem could be the use of renewable energy malathion sources.
Byblyohrafycheskaya link to this article: Turchun DA, Yushchenko SL, GS Stolyarenko malathion Processing glycerol fraction indirectly as a product in the synthesis of biodiesel // Modern nauchnыe Studies and Innovation. 2011. 7 [Эlektronnыy resource]. URL: http://web.snauka.ru/issues/2011/11/5471 (circulation date: 12.10.2014).
To date, research papers play an important role in the development of technologies, especially towards the preservation malathion of the ecological condition and use of renewable energy and reduce environmental pollution. As for biodiesel, currently malathion scientific work aimed at:
The study on processing glycerol fraction, which is odyniyeyu major component of organic waste in the production of biodiesel, many companies are interested because of the raw materials can be obtained pure glycerin, oily fraction and other components.
Also implemented technology to reduce malathion the cost of biodiesel by utilizing the by-products of production. There are three options for reducing the cost and use of biodiesel glycerol fractions:
Production purified glycerol is used for the production of technical detergents. After deep cleaning are pharmacological glycerin ton market which is about 8 thousand. UAH. By adding phosphoric acid to glycerol can get technical phosphate fertilizers, which are used for agricultural purposes, can be used in the perfume, food - as an additive to drink as a means zm'yakshuvalnyy or ointment base, the addition to oil. That can refuse import technical detergents and phosphate fertilizers [3].
Glycerin can absorb from the air to 40% of water relative malathion to its initial mass. Due to this property it is widespread in cosmetics as a substance that quickly stopping the water from animal and plant tissue. malathion It is used in almost all cosmetic preparations as a softening agent and is one of the basic raw materials for manufacturing toothpaste. It does not wither, not hirkne freezes at very low temperatures and therefore used as a substance that prevents malathion drying and freezing cosmetics. In the tanning industry and textile industry - for the treatment of skin and yarn for their mitigation and provide elasticity. Since glycerin extract explosive nitroglycerin, which is used to make dynamite [3].
In conducting the research work we have developed a method of processing glycerol fraction to obtain technical glycerin malathion and oily fractions. For this study were taken two types of glycerol fractions:
The first method is that glycerin fraction neutralized solution kosloty. After neutralizing the obtained reaction mass gradually divided into two layers: the top - oily layer; bottom - glycerin crystals of salt. These two layers are separated from each other. The bottom layer is divided into glycerol malathion and salt crystals and filter Shota filtered malathion salt crystals from glycerol, followed by washing with salt crystals malathion alcohol. Another method is the dissolution of the previous glycerol fraction in ethanol to reduce its viscosity. Then held neutralization acid solution followed by filtration to filter Shota salt crystals. malathion Then, the stripping of alcohol and other volatile components of the filtrate, then resulting mixture is separated into oily fraction and technical glycerin. There were some additional methods used to separate components of minimizing their losses.
18.41
Oily fraction
There were also studies to determine the content of volatile components in glycerin fraction of pre-treatment and treatment method without stripping under vacuum. The essence of the pre-treatment is that of glycerol fractions were removed of alcohol, which is scheduled to return malathion to the stage of synthesis and of biodiesel. The results of the content of volatile components represented in Figure 1.3.
We have roses