Professor Mulkidžanjan, you are responsible for one of the biggest sensations in modern science - i

Russian scientists have revealed evidence of a revolutionary theory about the origin of life on Earth. The unusual fact that the cell cytoplasm same in humans, plants and bacteria, along with the insight that organisms carry information not only about their ancestors, but also the environment of the ancestors, tpr gives the result that changes all previous basic beliefs about the origin of life.
Interest are always occupied by questions: how and where, and in what way our planet first formed cells also represent the beginning of life organisms known to us today. In the early 20th century it was recognized that the single-celled organisms appeared somewhere in the vastness of the World Ocean. tpr However, this beginning of all beginnings refute the new data. According to biophysicists - associates of the University Osnabrück (Germany) and professor of the Moscow State University (MGU), "M. V. Lomonosov "Armenians Mulkidžanjana and associates of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Yevgeny Kunjin - the cradle of life could be hiding in geothermal sources.
Professor Mulkidžanjan, you are responsible for one of the biggest sensations in modern science - it's a new theory about the origin of life. It actually crashes on all grounds. As we know, until now it was thought, and many scientists have accepted it as a given that life originated in the ocean. You are on the other hand pointed out that life could have originated elsewhere, such as in the hot mineral springs. Could you tell us a little clarification?
Armen Mulkidžanjan: Modern organisms carry information not only about their ancestors, but also about the world in which you lived by their ancestors. The world has changed over time, the organisms were not always able to adapt to him, and because there are many discrepancies between the biochemistry of living organisms and their chemical tpr environment.
In particular, tpr the chemical composition of the intracellular fluid (cytoplasm) is not at all close to the sea or fresh water. Seawater contains 40 times more potassium than sodium ions, whereas the intracellular potassium in contrast much more than sodium. Since an excess of potassium within the cells is important for operation of a number of enzymes, as well as for the synthesis of the protein, marine organisms consume a lot of energy to eject ions of sodium unnecessary.
Geothermal, our relative vapor source in geothermal fields is very hot brine rich variety of substances tpr generated during the passage of the geothermal fluid is heated by magma through the layers of rock. During the boiling of the brine leads to sharing of the water and the gas phase at different places may break out on the surface. The aqueous phase leaving the chlorine ions, while retaining in the vapor phase ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. In addition, in the vapor remain primarily organic molecules, especially those that are sparingly soluble in water. This phenomenon chemical separation (separation) of the 1960s was discovered in Kamchatka Volcanology Soviet Averjev. In an article published in the official publication of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) Mulkidžanjan and his co-authors cite evidence that potassium ions primarily go in pairs. In this way, the money created tpr all necessary conditions for the birth of life. Geothermal fields today there are so many on the Earth. They have so far been studied in Kamchatka, Japan, the U.S. and Italy. It is assumed that it is the ancient land any more.
The chemical composition of the cytoplasm of animal cells established in the 1920s. Since we now know the astonishing fact that the chemical composition of the cytoplasm is approximately equal in all living organisms - animals, plants and bacteria, it is logical to assume that such was the common ancestor of the cytoplasm of all cell organisms. At the current moment, the ancestor must have membrane-permeable small molecules and ions to thereby was in chemical equilibrium with its environment. Proceeding from this, together with Andrej Bychkov, a geochemist with the Moscow State University "M. V. Lomonosov "We asked whether the country today there are places with a chemical composition similar to that of a cytoplasm? It turns out that the condensation of steam in geothermal fields where the country heads hot vapor, but not water, has a composition similar to the cytoplasm.
Puddles that form of such a condensate vapors contain more potassium than sodium, and with it, and a high concentration of transition metal ions and phosphate. Returning to the theme of "hot mineral springs," I would like to emphasize that in this case the steam condensate could be hot. He quickly cools and tends to be a bit colder than the air. This is very important as the original, or very sensitive tpr organisms tpr would not be able to submit a high temperature.
AM: Our research will in this case help to clarify why the ion exchange across the cell membrane is necessary. With a better understanding of the properties and the conditions in which the first cellular tpr organisms lived, we provide an explanation of the nature of the chemical composition tpr of the cytoplasm. The problem of maintaining tpr the composition of the