On this page you can find information about hydrocarbons (en. hydrocarbons)! This is an ideal place

On this page you can find information about hydrocarbons (en. hydrocarbons)! This is an ideal place for those who are school facilities in this area too narrow (either because of their own interests, either because corporate gifts of the "interests" of your professors)! :)
Reactivity of the alkene double bond comes from, or the π bond that shall come easy in the reaction of the following reasons: a) the electron cloud of π electrons above and below the plane in which the molecule is very accessible, and other reagents can easily attack him; b) π electrons are not part of a C skeleton, and π bond easily to break the favorable collision with the reagent, and the skeleton of carbon atoms remains unchanged; c) π electrons and electrons reagents may award two new sigma bond (do not disturb the skeleton). The resulting product is more stable than the original, because the resulting two sigma stable connection of one π bond, and released a considerable corporate gifts amount of energy.
The classification of reactions that take alkenes in the literature can come to different views. Thus, the polymerization reaction often include the addition reaction (which essentially are) but the polymerization has some specifics in relation to other types of reactions adicionog. Alkylation reactions are also classified in addition reactions, but these reactions have specifics as an example to perform over and karbokatjona it in a specific way. In addition to the reaction with fluorine often among the electrophilic corporate gifts addition reaction of halogen, which is absurd, because the mechanism of this reaction is not similar to the mechanism of acid addition reaction, as halogens, and other compounds that enter into this reaction. Najupitnije reactions with water gas. That these reactions take place by addition mechanism, but have some specifics corporate gifts Addition versus other mechanisms, but much less than the polymerization and alkylation. It is important to mention that the addition reaction, polymerization, alkylation and reaction with water gas reaction adicionog type, which means that the molecule is "added" to each other.
Addition Reactions corporate gifts of alkenes Unlike alkanes, alkenes are characterized by a strong addition power, because the double bond easily terminated, and the two newly formed ties can bind other atoms or atomic groups. As products of these reactions corporate gifts become compounds with a simple connection between the carbon atoms. corporate gifts The double bond is highly susceptible to electrophilic reagents, ie these substances tend to accept electrons and, therefore, corporate gifts the addition reaction among the electrophilic additions. Nezaićene connections serve as sources or electron donor and electrophilic reagents receive corporate gifts a pair of electrons and thus generate new connections (electrophilic reagents are ions or molecules that can accept a pair of electrons).
For example: The process in which it is carried adiranje hydrogen at a compound very often called hydrogenation. When the hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, as in the above examples, often referred to as catalytic hydrogenation (catalytic hydrogenation). In this reaction leads to the formation of stable alkanes (containing less energy than alkenes) and hydrogen, and therefore they bear the heat release (as exothermic reaction), which is called the heat of hydrogenation. corporate gifts
The ease of hydrogenation decreases with increasing supstituisanosti double bonds. In addition to these metals, which are commonly used as catalysts in hydrogenation (Pt, Ni, Pd), quite a few are also used rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru). Of catalyst used in the hydrogenation reaction is most selective platinum, which generally gives a cis-addition products. Palladium, corporate gifts on the other hand has a lower stereoselectivity mainly due to the increased ability to izomerizuje double bond and thereby incurred significant amounts of trans-adicionog products. Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes using platinum catalysts are often accompanied by rearrangement of the double bond.
c) transfer of hydrogen atoms in the organic molecule and the other side of an organic molecule that is absorbed on the catalyst. This mechanism has resulted in the fact that in these reactions obtained a molecule in which two hydrogen atoms addition salts are on the same side, "the former" double bonds (and therefore the addition of hydrogen to alkenes son-addition).
2) ADICIJA halogen. Alkenes easy Adir halogens (chlorine, bromine and iodine) elements at room temperature (iodine under special conditions). It is particularly important, corporate gifts bromine, because long been used as a suitable method for the quantitative detection of unsaturated carbon-carbon bond. However, it is known that other functional groups can react with bromine, corporate gifts and are therefore required and other evidence to determine whether it comes alkene or alkyne. Today, bromine is used for the detection of alkenes in addition to alkanes.
Bromine is electrophilic addition that begins effect bromonijum ions (Br +) who becomes heterolitičkim decomposition of bromine molecules under the influence of π electrons. The subsequent course is the same as with the addition corporate gifts of hydrogen chloride. Bromine is carried out as follows: the court with no