Once it was in 2000, Insel talked about some very strange rats, their interest is not typical for r

Lectures of Professor Faculty of Pharmacy University of Strasbourg, Director of the Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation Marcel Iberians and the Head of Research at the Center neyroekonomichnyh Klermontskomu University Paul Zak.
I - chemist, engaged in development of various drugs such serious augustus waters things as the fight against augustus waters cancer, aging. But once I thought about the chemical components of love. We study stress, disease - what happens to a person when you love what chemical processes?
To begin, I wondered: what is love? I used to approach the subject augustus waters of their research thoroughly. If you ask about what, for example, cancer, you will find a clear definition of cancer, detailed classification of its types. But when we began to find out what love is, and tried to raise the scientific literature on this topic, it did not find anything. That science of the matter augustus waters at all no one did. And we had to read the philosophers and poets to somehow define this concept. We know that the word "love" has many meanings - love can be a parent, the mass, it may be necessary, but may be present. Sometimes love - the pure drug, severe addiction. Passion, tenderness, dependence - a variety of phenomena called love.
The ancient Greeks divided love into species. They have isolated seven kinds of love (agape, lyudus, eros, mania, pragma, storhe, a branch - n. "Harmony"), but we will not delve too, consider three: eros, agape, and location. Eros - a love-passion, this desire, the need to own another person. Eros is never happy - so desires can be satisfied right now, but then it occurs again. Branch - a very different type of love, such love - happiness. Are you excited when you see the other person, you like to drink tea with it or do something together. Agape closer to charity, this love without passion is compassion, compassion, the need to help another. Human behavior depending on the type of love, of course, very different. And if you read a poem about love from this point of view, you will see how they are different.
Suppose that we have a little undecided what is called love. Now define, what is man? 70 percent water, 3.4 pounds of bones, everything else - organic, molecule. augustus waters Man - a big bag of molecules. Everything that happens augustus waters within us is molecular in nature. Life - the interaction of molecules. Many hundreds of years people have studied at the level of enforcement. augustus waters At the beginning of XX century, we have moved to the level of the cell, and in the last fifty years - at the molecular level. I think, take another twenty years to finally understand how the man.
Significant breakthrough in regard to the study of emotions, we must neuroscientist and pharmacologist Thomas Insel, now director of the National Institute of Mental Health in the U.S.. Insel studied the behavior of mice - he was interested in the relationship between mother, father, little mouse. He was particularly interested in anxiety in mice because he was involved in preparations for the suppression augustus waters of anxiety, anksyolitykamy. If he tore off little mouse from mom mouse began to squeak and rushed. Insel gave anksyolityky mice and mouse zaspokoyuvalosya. augustus waters So they spent time with mice.
Once it was in 2000, Insel talked about some very strange rats, their interest is not typical for rats monohamnistyu. These rats form a pair for life, brought together young and were wonderful example of caring about each other. What is particularly interesting, next to the same rats lived more rats, and they all had far less romantic - they zluchalysya with just anyone, and especially their offspring were not engaged. Good rats lived under the hill, and bad on the mountain. Thus rats belonging to the same species, augustus waters they are nothing like as not different.
Insel, of course, very interested and those by other rats began studying them. How is it they studied: vidlovyv augustus waters and the hills, and under the mountain augustus waters rats, they took tests began to explore these tests in his laboratory. He compared the analysis of good and bad rats trying to find the differences at the molecular level. But it was all the same. He fought long and finally found a difference in the amount of two hormones, vasopressin and oxytocin. In rats with good behavior oxytocin level was high, and in bad rat - low.
Insel went further: he introduced bad rats oxytocin. And what happened: these depraved rats that absolutely no interest in their offspring, were faithful to their spouses and great parents. Continuing the experiment, Insel blocked oxytocin in rats good - and loyal wife and wonderful parents spoiled in every way, they immediately turned into a debauched and indifferent. It was found that by manipulating the number of oxytocin can change the behavior of these animals.
Maternal love, parental love, monogamy and polygamy - it turned out that it all depends on a certain molecule. Only one hormone - and